Refrigerating system



May 3, 1938. B. E. SHAW 2,116,002

REFRIGERA'TING SYSTEM Filed Oct. l5, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l y 5m), ef/nm 5MM May 3, 1938 I B. E. sHAw I 2,116,002

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 15, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lll with a batch freezer and an agitator therefor, a

Patented May [3, 1938 UnlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE Manatre `mirare.Enrrrnm SYSTEM Burton E. Shaw, Adel, Iowa, assigner to Penn Electric Switch Co., Des Moines, Iowa, a corporation oi' Iowa Application October 15, 1936, Serial No. 105,683

22 Claims.

I motorfwhich may be energized by a manually controlled switch, the switch edecting continuous operation oi' va refrigerant compressor while the agitator motor is in operation.

A iurther object is to provide mechanical means-and an equivalent electrical means in a modined form `of construction for causing the refrigerant compressor to operate continuously, thisbeing accomplished automaticalkv whenever the switch lor the freezer agitator motor is manually moved to closed circuit position.

, A' further object is to provide controls of this character which, in addition to accomplishing the results above outlined, still permit the auto- `wieoperation of safety features, such as over- -lo protecting devices and excessive refrigerantY pressure responsive devices.

r-other object is to provide an automatic switch for a refrigerating mechanism and a manual switch for a freezer motor, the manual switch being connected either mechanically or electrically with the `automatic control switch to render it ineffective in its automatic capacity, while the freezer` motor is in operation, with thel exception f of automatic safety devices still being operable tocontrol the reirigerati'ngfmechanism.

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

'thi

Figure l is a front elevation of a control switch used in connection with my refrigerating system. Figure 2 isa sectional view on the line i-i Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 'i-t of Figure 2.

Figure d is a diagrammatical view showing the sys in control of the switch illustrated in Figures l, 2, and 3; and

Figure 5 is a diagrammaticai view of' a modi-l ned vform of construction in which an electrical interconnection between control switches is provided rather than a mechanical one, as shown in Figure 4.

` On the accompanying drawings, I have used the numeral it to indicate generally a housing.

Within the housing l0, a support it is provided which carries a pivot pin il.` An armature i6 is pivoted to the pin I 4 and is provided with contacts it for controlling an electric circuit. The armature it is controlled automatically by a link 2t connected with a bell cank it. The' bell crank it is pivoted at 2t and is omrated automatically by a pressure bellows it opposed by an adjusting spring 28. The bellows it has a capillary tube connection Zt with a temperature responsive bulb il.

1. overload safety device is provided for the switch contacts it and comprises the following elements: A resistance heater if; abimetal latch it responsive to the temperature thereof; a latch pin it carried by a latch lever it pivoted at il:

d a trip lever di pivoted on the pin it.

The trip lever t has a latch lug til cooperating with a latch lug it on the latch lever t, and has pivoted toit a reset lever it. For resettingpurposes a reset knob i is provided having a pin bi for -operating the reset lever llt.

A safety devicefor excess pressure in the high side of a refrigeratingsystem is Aprovided for the switch arm it and comprises the following elements: A pressure bellows il; a lever tt operated thereby and opposed by a spring i; a primary over-center lever tt and a secondary over-center lever tf both pivoted on a pin tt: a link connection tt between the lever bt and the lever tt; and. an over-center spring tt.

In my controller ll provide a manual switch A which is an oirA and v"011 snap switch, the operating handle thereof` being indicated at ll. The switch Al is mounted within the housing ld and may be controlled from the outside of the lever lt by means of a lever it on. the rock shaft,

and a link connection di between the levers it and til. The switch A is fully disclosed in Fatent No. 2,051,943, issued August 25, i936.

Referring to Figure i, a refrigerant compressor' titi 84 is illustrated driven by a motor 86. 'I'he condenser coil of the refrigerating system is indicated at 88 and the evaporator thereof at 90. The contacts I8 it will be noted are connected in the circuit of the motor 86. 'Ihe bulb 30 is arranged adjacent the evaporator 90 so as to be responsive to the temperature produced thereby. The safety bellows 54 is connected by tubing or the like 92 to the high pressure side of the refrigerant compressor. A compartment 94 is associated with the evaporator- 90 to be chilled thereby, and an agitator 86 for the contents of the compartment is provided.

A freezer motor 98 operates the agitator 06 and is controlled by the switch A. The switch A includes an overload feature shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and comprises a resistance heater |00 in the circuit of the motor 98, a bimetal latch |02 and a lever |04 latched thereby and adaptedto open the switch A whenever the lever |04 is unlatched.

In Figure 5 I have shown a modification in which individual switches B and C control the motor 86.` The switch B is responsive to the temperature of the bulb 30 only, while the switch C may be operated to break the circuit either by the safety bellows 54 or the overload blmetal latch 34. The switch A is the same, and an additional wire indicated at |06 is utilized to provide a connection with the switch A, which causes the switch A, when closed, to shunt the switch B out oi the circuit.

Thus with the form of invention shown in Figure 4, the control switch for the motor 86 is mechanically retained in closed circuit position, while, as disclosed in Figure 4, the switch B for automatically controlling the refrigerant compressor 84 in response to the temperature produced by the evaporator is shunted so that even when it is open, the circuit for the motor 86 will be maintained as long as the switch A is closed.

Practical operation In the operation of the system shown in Figure 4, with the parts in the position illustrated by full lines, the refrigerant compressor 84 is being operated and is automatically controlled by the temperature responsive bulb 30. This is desirable in ice cream plants and the like where between batches the compartment 94 should be kept at a predetermined low temperature. When a batch of cream is put in the compartment for freezing, in order to effect quick freezing, itis desirable to run the refrigerant compressor continuously.

A switch must be provided for the agitator motor 88 so that it can be energized when a new batch vof cream is placed in the compartment 34. By the mechanical connection, consisting of the levers '|4 and 80, the link 82, the rock shaft 16 and its cam 18, when the switch A is closed, the bell crank 22 is held in closed circuit position. Thus the refrigerant compressor 84 will continue to operate as long as the switch A is closed regardless of the low temperature of the bulb 30 tending to move the bell crank 22 to open circuit position.

It is desirable, however, that the overload and high pressure safety devices operate to break the circuit through the motor 86 in the event of either an overload in the circuit or excessive high pressure on the high side of the refrigerant compressor 84.

The link 20 of the switch shown in Figure 1 is, therefore. connected by a leaf spring 2| to the lever 22 so that as illustrated in Figure 4, the bimetal 34 can unlatch or the bellows 54 trip the over-center lever 62 in a clockwise direction, all as shown by dotted lines in Figures 4, thus separating the contacts I8.

'Ihe lever 62, when swung in a clockwise direction, engages a cross bar of the armature I6 to move it upwardly. If an overload in the circuit of the motor 86 occurs, the right hand end of the bimetal lever 34 in Figure 2 warps upwardly, thus releasing the latch pin 36 so that a spring 43 (see Figure 3) can swing the trip lever 42 in a clockwise direction to cause the reset lever 4l to engage the cross bar l1. Releasing the latch pin 36 permits the right hand end of the vlatch lever 38 to drop and release the latch lug 44 of the trip lever 42 for this purpose.

To reset the switch after an overload has occurred, the reset knob 60 is depressed for pushing the reset lever 48 downwardly and thereby swinging the trip lever 42 against the'action of the spring 43. The latch lug 44 thereupon engages a corner 39 of the latch lever 38 to lift the. latch pin 36 to relatched position.

With the construction shown in Figure 5, the operation is the same except that instead of the switch A holding the bell crank 22 in closed circuit position, the switch B is shunted out of the circuit as long as the switch A is in closed circuit position. i

With both forms of the invention, the overload mechanism |00, |02 and |04 associated with the switch A is operable to open this switch when the batch being agitated by the agitator 96 is frozen to the desired degree, and therefore so stiff that it throws an overload on the motor 88. With either system it is obvious that the desired control is had including a positive operation of the refrigerant compressor 84, while the switch A is closed except when either of the overload devices or the high pressure safety device operates. The circuit for the motor 86 is then broken.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement .of the parts of my device without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims, any'modied forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents, which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a predetermined low temperature produced by said evaporator to open said circuit, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled "thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for positively retaining said first motor energized beyond said predetermined low 'temperature produced by said evaporator.

duced by said evaporator to open said circuit,

means in the circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, a freezer compartment Aassociated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezercompartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position'for positively retaining said first motor energized beyond its normal cut-olf in response to said predeterminedlowf temperature` produced by said evaporator except upon an overload in the circuit thereof. 3. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, a freezer compartment associated ,with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator Vin said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer mo tor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said iirst motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator.

il. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an

evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch ith in control of the circuit for said motor and re sponsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor.

5. ln a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor-for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and re sponsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means in the circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer mo- 'tor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit posi; tion Aonly for retaining said nrst motor energized regardless, of the temperature produced by. said evaporator except upon an overload in the circuit thereof.

fi. )In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compresser, a motor for driving said compressor,(an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by evap1 orator, means in the circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon excess pressure 5 being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby,

an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a sec- 10 ond switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second. switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the tem--r perature produced 'by said evaporator except upon 15 an overload in the circuit thereof and except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor.

7. lin a refrigerating system, a refrigerantlcompressor, a-motor for, driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in `control of the circuit for said motor and respon- Voverload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuitposition only for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant ,w

compressor.

d. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressoir, a motor for driving said compressor, an. evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for salti motor and responsive to a temperature produced hy said evaporator, means in the circuit of said motor and re" sponsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor 'for opening 5@ the circuit of said motor, uponexcess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with' said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a ,freezer motor for operating said agitator, means 55 for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit, and means rendered to operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature f produced by said evaporator except upon an overload in the circuit thereof and except upon the oo generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor.

El. lin a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compresser, a motor for driving said compressor, an

evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in io control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to he chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling' said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element movable by said second switch to a position of obstruction relative to said first switch to retain it in closed circuit position. y

10. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator,vmeans in the circuit of said' motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, a freezer compartment associated'with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element moved by said second switch to'a position of obstruction relative to said first switch to retain it in closed circuit position except upon an overload in the circuit thereof.

11. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch ln control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element moved by said second switch to a position of obstruction relative to said r`st switch to retain it in closed circuit position.

12. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and rensponsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element moved by said second switch to a position of obstruction relative to said first switch to retain it in closed circuit position except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor.

13. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor. an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means inthe circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element moved by said second switch to a position of obstruction relative to said first switch to retain it in closed circuit position except upon an overload in the circuit thereof.

14. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means in the circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit ofsaid motor upon excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second Switch in control vof the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising an element moved by said second switch to a position of obstruction relative to said rst switch to retain it in closed circuit position, except upon an overload in the circuit thereof and except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor.

15. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to `be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motorl for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit' of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload vtherein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining compressor, a motor for driving said compressor,

an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in'\` control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, a freezer compartment asso-v ciated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means' for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of .the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment as- Y sociated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, aA 5 freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for re- 10 taining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor, said means rendered operable by said second switch l5 comprising a shunt circuit through said second -switch and shunting therst switch.

20. In a, refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor,

switch while it is in closed circuit position for i retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising a shunt circuit through said second switch and shunting the iirst switch.

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tor and responsa opening said circuit, a freezer compartmentasi7. lin a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor ior driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by Asaid' compressor, a switch in control of thecircuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, me ns in the circuit oi said moto an overload therein for sociated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position for retaining said first motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator except upon an overload in the ci'rcuit thereof, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising a shunt circuit through said second stch and shunting the rst switch.

i8. lin a reirigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor tor driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control or the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, a freezer compartment associated with. said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in `said freezer compartment, a rreezer motor for operating said agitator, means tor controlling said freezer ymotor comprising .a second switch in control of the circuit theretor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for open)- ing the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by 'said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only tor retaining said ilist motor enerd regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator, said means rendered operable by said' second switch compulsing a shunt circuit through said second switch and shunting the first switch.

compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means responsive to the thigh side lil. lin a refrigerating system, a refrigerant ,i

an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch 20 in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means in the circuit of said motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening said circuit, a freezer compartment associated 25 with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a second switch in control of the circuit therefor, 30

means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operablel by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said S5 iirst motor energized regardless of the temperature produced by said evaporator except uponan overload in the circuit thereof, said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising a shunt circuit through said second switch 40 and shunting the rst switch.

21. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor, an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature produced by said evaporator, means in the circuit of said motor and responsive 'to an overload therein for openingr said circuit, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit of said motor upon 4excess pressure being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a

freezer motor for operating said agitator, means 5a for controlling said freezer motor comprising la second switch in control of the circuit therefor and means rendered operable by said second switch 'while it is in closed circuit position ,for

retaining said rst motor energized regardless o0 of the temperature produced by'said evaporator except upon an overload yin the circuit thereoi` and except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant com'- pressor, said means rendered operable by said c5 second switch comprising a shunt circuit through said second switch and shunting the iirst switch.

22. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerant compressor, a motor for driving said compressor,

an evaporator cooled by said compressor, a switch 7o in control of the circuit for said motor and responsive to a temperature'produced by said evapy orator, means responsive to the high side pressure of said refrigerant compressor for opening the circuit oi said motor upon excess pressure 'y being generated, a freezer compartment associated with said evaporator to be chilled thereby, an agitator in said freezer compartment, a. freezer motor for operating said agitator, means for controlling said freezer motor comprising a sec-v ond switch in control of the circuit therefor, means in the circuit of said freezer motor and responsive to an overload therein for opening the freezer motor circuit and means rendered operable by said second switch while it is in closed circuit position only for retaining said iirst motor energized regardless of thetemperature produced by said evaporator except upon the generation of excess pressure in the high side of the refrigerant compressor. said means rendered operable by said second switch comprising a shunt circuit through said second switch and shunting the rst switch.

BURTON E. SHAW. 

